First Mission, 28 February 1945   Target Kassel, Germany

Target was the tank factory in Kassel, Germany. Tony's ship flew at the vanguard of the 8th Air Force attack over the city. 

Tony's Mission Log entry:

Kassel Germany, about 400 miles from Sudbury, England

Although there are only about 400 miles between Sudbury and Kassel, the overall mission can be very lengthy, as assembling a combat wing in the air could take close to two hours. And naturally, the route taken would not be a straight line. 

Kassel was the home of the Henschel Tank factory, where the fearsome Tiger Tank was produced. 

Tiger tank hulls on the assembly line at the Henschel factory.

A Tiger in the field. The most feared tank in the world at that time. 

This is what the factories in Kassel looked like after the 8th Air Force bombing raids.

I see from the 8th Air Force mission logs that Tony's ship was assigned to "Chaff Duty", which means that they were dropping aluminum sheets to confuse the enemy radar. 

Chaff in the air during a raid.

This is what chaff looked like, little strips of aluminum. Nicknamed "Window" by the Brits.

Tony Suarez in the 8th Air Force, an Introduction

70 years ago my uncle, Staff Sergeant Tony Suarez, started flying combat missions as a gunner in B17 Flying Fortresses from Station 174 in Sudbury, England as part of the 8th Air Force, 486th Bombing Group, 832nd Squadron. I intend to honor his memory by writing about each one of his missions on their 70th anniversary.

SSGT Tony Suarez with Air Gunner's wings.

Let's start this tale by stating that being a crewman in the 8th Air Force was perhaps the most dangerous duty in any of the American Armed Forces in WWII. Around 135,000 men flew with the 8th Air Force. At the end of the war, over 30,000 lay dead or had gone missing and another 28,000 survived being shot down to be held prisoner in German POW camps.  

Service in the air was dangerous but at the same time amazingly glamorous to the outsider. The 8th Air Force was home to actors Jimmy Stewart and Clark Gable. Clark Gable, one of the top celebrities at the time, volunteered to be a gunner and  earned his Gunner's Wings in early 1943. Adolf Hitler personally put a bounty on his capture and the news spread! The allure of becoming a gunner in the fight against Nazi Germany must have been irresistible! In August of 1943, Antonio Suarez enlisted! 

Clark Gable at Aerial Gunnery School

We don't know a lot about Tony's training, but these are some of his photographs during that time:

Corporal Suarez

Tony, first from left

Sometime in 1944 he earned his Air Gunner's wings:

To give you an idea of what a bombing mission in a B17 was like, here is a clip from the documentary "Target for Today" with footage from 1943. Notice the intense air combat! This being a propaganda film, you get the impression that the B17's were swatting German fighters off the sky...but it wasn't quite like that, the cost to the bomber force was severe! Do notice the air bursts of Anti-Aircraft Artillery or flak, which were also deadly.  






Mercifully, by 1945, when Tony arrived in England, the tide of the war had turned in favor of the 8th Air Force. The Luftwaffe's (German Air Force) dominance over the skies of Europe had been broken (thanks to the introduction of the P51 Mustang), but not entirely eliminated. However, the strength of the anti-aircraft increased. All the targets worth bombing had been heavily protected.  And the danger all too real. Here's a photo of B17's flying through heavy flak.

Tony was assigned to the 486th Bombing Group, 832nd Squadron, which was based in Station 174 in Sudbury. 

Harley R. Stroven, was an armaments officer in Tony's Bomb Group, documented his time in Station 174 with his 8mm camera and produced a very interesting documentary of his own experiences. You will see Station 174, where Tony served, the town of Sudbury in those days, and many insights into the life of the 486th! There is footage of the aircraft returning from missions with damage and landing in trouble. He also has footage from a bombing mission. Most striking to me was when he mentions, "in this mission we lost two aircraft that collided after bombs away". He shows footage of the aircraft right behind their left wing. This is from the mission log from the 486th "A/C #875 collides with #949 (pilots Eakin and Crawford) in a turn off target. 18 crewman MIA."




This is Tony's crew, identified by its pilot, 1st Lieutenant William Moran. This picture was found among Tony's possessions, and we presume it was taken in front of their barracks in Station 174. He is in the front row, second from the left. 

Tony's Crew Position: 
  
Notice above that Tony is listed as Nose/Togglier. By 1945, the operations and tactics of bombing had evolved from the early days. Navigation had now been aided by the use of radar. Pathfinder aircraft would be assigned to the Bomber Groups and they would lead the formations out to the targets. The best navigators would be selected to fly on those planes. Similarly, the best bombardiers would be selected to decide when the bombs would be released instead of relying on the bombardier of each aircraft to identify the target and release the bombs. So Tony's crew didn't have a bombardier, they assigned the Nose gunner to fly on the bombardier seat and man the front machine guns AND toggle the bomb switch when the lead bombardier released the bombs. Therefore the name togglier. 

Office shared by Navigator and Bombardier/Togglier in the B17

This aircraft below is one of only 12 or so B17's in flying condition. It has the markings of a Pathfinder aircraft of Tony's very own squadron. 

Tony's son, Jose and I in front of the "Nine O Nine", the Collings Foundation B17 bomber in Worcester, MA in September of 2014. We hoped to catch a ride in it that day, but the weather didn't cooperate. We hope to accomplish this mission soon!